What environmental condition may affect the application of biosolids?

The application of biosolids can be significantly impacted by the presence of ponding water in a given area. When water accumulates on the soil surface, it creates an unsuitable environment for applying biosolids because the wet conditions can lead to runoff. This runoff can transport nutrients and pathogens found in biosolids into surface waters, which poses a risk to water quality and ecosystem health. Additionally, ponding can prevent proper incorporation of biosolids into the soil, reducing their effectiveness as a soil amendment and fertilizer.

While other environmental conditions like high winds, seasonal temperature fluctuations, and soil compaction can also influence the application of biosolids, ponding water directly impedes the application process and raises serious environmental concerns about contamination and efficacy, making it the most critical condition to consider.