What is soil compaction?

Soil compaction refers to the compression of soil particles, which leads to a denser soil structure. This process reduces the pore spaces between the particles, adversely affecting soil aeration and water infiltration. Aeration is crucial for root development and the overall health of plants, as it allows oxygen to reach the roots. When soil is compacted, water can struggle to penetrate, leading to poor drainage and an increased risk of waterlogging. This condition can negatively impact plant growth and soil health by restricting root expansion and limiting access to nutrients.

In contrast, the other options focus on different soil characteristics or issues. The loss of soil nutrients due to erosion describes a different environmental problem not related to compaction. The buildup of organic matter in the soil also affects soil structure but does not encompass the compression of the soil particles that defines compaction. Finally, excessive moisture retention in soil is a consequence of compaction rather than an accurate definition of the term itself. Understanding soil compaction is essential for effective nutrient management, as it directly influences soil health and productivity.