What is the recommended approach to minimize nutrient losses during storage of manure?

Using covered and contained storage systems is the recommended approach to minimize nutrient losses during the storage of manure. This method effectively prevents the exposure of manure to the elements, which can lead to nutrient leaching and runoff. By covering the manure, these systems reduce the volatilization of ammonia, a significant nutrient loss pathway, and help maintain the nutrient content of the manure for subsequent use as fertilizer.

Additionally, contained storage systems are designed to manage and collect any potential runoff or leachate, further protecting water quality. Proper storage practices directly influence the efficiency of nutrient recycling in agricultural systems, ultimately supporting sustainable nutrient management goals.

Other approaches, such as uncovered storage systems, spreading it out on fields, or using open pits, can increase the risk of nutrient loss due to evaporation, leaching, and runoff. Thus, covered and contained systems provide a more environmentally responsible and effective solution for manure management.