Which farming practice can enhance nitrogen fixation in soils?

Crop rotation with legumes is a farming practice that significantly enhances nitrogen fixation in soils. Leguminous plants, such as clover, peas, and beans, form a symbiotic relationship with specific bacteria known as rhizobia. These bacteria inhabit the root nodules of legumes and have the unique ability to convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that is usable by plants, such as ammonium.

When legumes are included in a crop rotation system, they not only provide this nitrogen to subsequent crops but also improve overall soil structure and health. After the legumes are harvested, the leftover plant material, including roots and nodules, decomposes and returns nitrogen to the soil, enriching it for the following crops. This practice can reduce the need for synthetic fertilizers, lower costs, and promote sustainable agricultural practices.

In contrast, continuous monoculture is generally unfavorable for soil health and may lead to nutrient depletion over time. Over-irrigation can cause nutrient leaching and soil erosion, disrupting the nutrient balance. Relying solely on synthetic nitrogen fertilizers does not promote the natural nitrogen-fixing processes in the soil and can lead to issues such as soil degradation and water pollution.