Which form of nitrogen do plants primarily utilize?

Plants primarily utilize inorganic nitrogen, which includes both ammonium and nitrate forms. While organic nitrogen compounds can be broken down by soil microorganisms into inorganic forms that plants can absorb, they are not directly utilized by plants until they undergo this transformation.

The importance of inorganic nitrogen stems from its two predominant forms: ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-). Both are readily taken up by plant roots. However, the availability and utilizability of these forms in the soil environment makes inorganic nitrogen, particularly nitrate, crucial for plant uptake. This uptake is necessary for various physiological functions, such as protein synthesis and overall growth.

In contrast, while ammonium is also an inorganic form that plants can use, the question asks specifically which form is primarily utilized. Nitrate is often regarded as the dominant form in many agricultural and natural systems, largely due to its high mobility in soil water and ease of uptake by plants. Therefore, while both ammonium and nitrate are inorganic, the option indicating inorganic broadly encompasses these key forms without specifying, and thus highlights the general preference for inorganic nitrogen as a category that includes the most usable sources.