Which nutrient is more stable once deposited in soil?

Phosphorus is recognized as being more stable once deposited in the soil due to its chemical properties and the way it interacts with soil particles. When phosphorus is applied to soil, it tends to form stable compounds with metal ions in the soil, particularly with iron, aluminum, and calcium, creating forms that are less soluble and thus less prone to leaching. This stability means that phosphorus is retained in the soil for longer periods, making it available to plants over time without being easily washed away by rainfall or irrigation.

In contrast, nitrogen can be more volatile and subject to loss through processes such as denitrification or leaching into groundwater, depending on its form and the environmental conditions. Potassium, while also relatively stable, can be lost through leaching, particularly in sandy soils. Calcium, though generally stable, can move through soil systems depending on factors like soil acidity and water movement. Thus, while other nutrients have varying degrees of stability, phosphorus stands out for its ability to remain in the soil and be available to plants over an extended period.